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Download eNID Nepal: How to Get Your National ID PDF Online (2026 Guide)

Download eNID Nepal from the DONIDCR Citizen Portal — The eNID is the downloadable digital copy of your Nepali National Identity Card.

Finished your National ID biometrics months ago but still waiting for the card? You are in the majority. The good news is that you can download your eNID in Nepal straight from the government’s Citizen Portal, as a password-protected PDF with your photo, National Identity Number (NIN) and a QR code, without visiting any office.

This guide gives you the exact steps, the PDF password rule, a quick eligibility check, and one thing most eNID guides skip: why you should do this before the end of Ashwin 2083, when banks and digital wallets must have your National ID details on file.

Quick answer

Open the DONIDCR Citizen Portal and choose Download Your eNID. Enter your full name in Nepali and English, date of birth (BS) and citizenship issue date, solve the CAPTCHA and click Search. Enter the 6-digit OTP sent to your NID-registered mobile, check your details, then click Download Card. Open the PDF with the first four letters of your name in CAPITALS plus your birth year in BS, for example RAME2042.

Where

citizenportal.donidcr.gov.np

Official DONIDCR site only

You need

Citizenship details + OTP

OTP goes to your NID-registered mobile

You get

Password-protected PDF

Photo, NIN and a verification QR code

Deadline to act

End of Ashwin 2083

Bank and wallet NID updates (about 17 Oct 2026)

In this guide

What is eNID?
Why download it now: the Ashwin 2083 deadline
Why so many people need the eNID
Can you download eNID yet? 30-second check
What you need before you start
How to download eNID in Nepal: step by step
eNID PDF password explained
What to do after downloading
eNID vs Nagarik App vs physical card
Quick fixes when the download fails
Stay safe: eNID scams to avoid
FAQs

What Is eNID (Provisional National ID)?

The eNID is an electronic copy of your National Identity Card (राष्ट्रिय परिचयपत्र) that the Department of National ID and Civil Registration (DONIDCR) generates from your enrollment record. DONIDCR calls it a Provisional NID: it proves your identity and NIN while the chip-based smart card is still being printed or distributed.

The download service opened on the Citizen Portal in Asar 2083 (June 2026). Each eNID PDF includes:

Your photograph and personal details from the NID record
Your National Identity Number (NIN), the permanent number most services now ask for
A QR code that offices can scan to verify the document

Keep in mind

The eNID does not replace the smart card in law, and each office decides whether to accept a printout for a specific service. What banks, wallets and most forms really need is your NIN, and the eNID is the easiest official proof of it.

Why Download Your eNID Now: The Ashwin 2083 KYC Deadline

Most eNID guides were written in June and July 2026, before the deadline that makes this urgent. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has now tied both bank accounts and digital wallets to the National ID:

Banks: NRB’s revised Unified Directive (July 2026) requires banks and financial institutions to update their customers’ National ID details by the end of Ashwin 2083. Banks such as Nepal Investment Mega Bank have already issued notices asking account holders to update.
Digital wallets: the 15th amendment to NRB’s Integrated Payment Systems Directive, 2082 requires wallet providers to verify new users against electronic NID records, collect a declaration from every user on whether they hold a National ID, and record the NIN of users who have one, all by the end of Ashwin 2083 (around 17 October 2026).
No NID yet? Wallet providers must send you monthly reminders to update once you get it. Reporting so far does not say existing wallets will be shut the day after the deadline, so there is no need to panic, but there is every reason to have your NIN ready.

eNID and National ID KYC: 2026 timeline

Asar 2083 (June 2026)

eNID download goes live on the DONIDCR Citizen Portal.

20 June 2026

A media investigation shows cards could be downloaded with just a name, birth date and citizenship issue date. The service is paused.

Late June 2026

Service restored with mandatory SMS OTP to the NID-registered mobile number.

July 2026

NRB directs banks and wallet providers to collect customers’ National ID details.

End of Ashwin 2083 (about 17 Oct 2026)

Deadline for bank NID updates and wallet NID declarations.

Sources: Techpana, Eurasia Review, ICTFrame and Khabarhub reporting (links at the end).

Why So Many Nepalis Need the eNID

The gap between enrolling and actually holding a card is huge. According to the government’s Economic Survey 2082/83, biometric details of about 2 crore (20.01 million) citizens had been collected by Falgun 2082, but only about 40.3 lakh cards had been distributed. In other words, roughly 4 out of 5 enrolled citizens were still without a physical card.

National ID: enrolled vs printed vs distributed

Biometric details collected2,00,13,553 (100%)

Cards printed75,81,183 (37.9%)

Cards distributed40,33,040 (20.2%)

Source: Economic Survey 2082/83, as reported by Technology Khabar and Ekantipur (Jestha 2083). Figures up to Falgun 2082.

The same survey notes that the National ID system is now linked with 12 government systems, including the Department of Passports, Inland Revenue, the Election Commission, the Social Security Fund and the Credit Information Bureau. That is why your NIN keeps appearing on forms, and why the eNID is the practical bridge until your card arrives.

Can You Download eNID Yet? A 30-Second Check

The portal only returns a record that has been fully processed. Walk through these three questions before you open it:

Q1. Have you completed biometric enrollment (photo, fingerprints) at a DAO or National ID office?

If no → Complete enrollment first. The eNID is generated only from a processed record.

Yes ↓

Q2. Has your NIN been generated?

If no → Wait, and check your NID card status online using your request number, or send an SMS (see FAQs) to retrieve your NIN.

Yes ↓

Q3. Do you still have the mobile SIM you registered during enrollment?

If no → The OTP cannot reach you. Visit a National ID office or District Administration Office to update the number, then try again.

Yes ↓

✓ You’re ready. Download your eNID now.

What You Need Before You Start

Most failed downloads come from a mismatch between what you type and what is in your record. Keep these ready:

Your citizenship certificate in hand. You need the exact spelling and the issue date printed on it.
Full name in Nepali, typed in Unicode Devanagari exactly as on the certificate.
Full name in English, spelled exactly as in your record.
Date of birth in Bikram Sambat (BS), not AD.
Citizenship issue date (BS).
The phone with your NID-registered SIM, switched on with signal, to receive the OTP.

Pro tip: type your Nepali name in Unicode

If you normally type Nepali with the Preeti font, switch to a Unicode Nepali keyboard (for example Gboard’s Nepali layout on your phone) for the name field. Preeti text looks right on screen in some apps, but it is stored as English letters and will not match your record. Also watch for look-alike letters such as श / स / ष in surnames like श्रेष्ठ.

How to Download eNID in Nepal: Step by Step

Here is the full flow at a glance, followed by details for each step.

Open the Citizen Portal

Go to citizenportal.donidcr.gov.np and select Download Your eNID.

↓

Enter your citizenship details

Name in Nepali and English, date of birth (BS), citizenship issue date.

↓

Solve the CAPTCHA and click Search

The portal looks for a matching National ID record.

↓

Enter the 6-digit OTP

Sent by SMS to the mobile number linked to your NID record.

↓

Check your details and photo

Then click Download Card and confirm Download in the pop-up showing your NIN.

↓

Open the PDF with your password

First 4 letters of your name in CAPITALS + birth year (BS).

Step 1: Open the official Citizen Portal

Visit citizenportal.donidcr.gov.np and select Download Your eNID (the page is available in English and Nepali). Type the address yourself or use a bookmark. Check that the domain ends in .gov.np before you enter anything.

Step 2: Enter your citizenship details

Fill in the four fields exactly as they appear on your citizenship certificate:

Full name in Nepali (Unicode)
Full name in English
Date of birth (BS)
Citizenship issue date (BS)

Step 3: Solve the CAPTCHA and click Search

Enter the characters shown and press Search. If the details match a processed record, the portal moves to OTP verification. If you see a “not found” message, jump to the quick fixes section.

Step 4: Verify with the OTP

A 6-digit one-time password is sent by SMS to the mobile number stored in your National ID record, not to a number you type now. Enter it to continue. This OTP step was added in late June 2026 after a security report, so any guide that skips it is out of date.

Step 5: Check your details, then download the card

Your details and photograph appear on screen. Check the spelling and dates carefully, then click Download Card. A pop-up shows your National ID number; select Download. Button labels can change slightly as the portal is updated, and DONIDCR also publishes a user manual for the eNID download on the portal.

Step 6: Find and open the PDF

On Android, the file usually lands in Files → Downloads; on iPhone, check Files → Downloads or Safari’s download list; on a computer, your browser’s Downloads folder. Open it with the password explained below.

eNID PDF Password Explained (With Examples)

The eNID PDF is encrypted with an 8-character password: the first four letters of your name in uppercase, followed by your four-digit birth year in Bikram Sambat.

First 4 letters, CAPITALS

RAME

Birth year (BS)

2042

PDF password

RAME2042

Name in record	Birth year (BS)	Password
RAMESH …	2042	RAME2042
SABIN …	2058	SABI2058
ANJALI …	2060	ANJA2060

Examples for illustration. Use your own name and BS birth year.

Common password mistakes:

Typing lowercase letters (rame2042 will not work).
Using the AD year (for example 1985) instead of the BS year.
Using a nickname or shortened spelling instead of the name in your record.
Adding the full date of birth instead of only the four-digit year.

If your first name has fewer than four letters, read the password notice the portal shows at download time, since the public guidance only covers the standard format.

What to Do After Downloading Your eNID

Downloading is only half the job. Use it for the updates that actually matter this season:

Update your bank KYC: follow your bank’s instructions (app, website or branch) to add your NIN before the end of Ashwin 2083.
Update each digital wallet: open the KYC or profile section of every wallet you use and add your National ID details.
Passport and government forms: keep your NIN handy, since the National ID is linked with the Department of Passports and other agencies.
SIM cards: a National ID has been required to buy a new SIM since Magh 1, 2081, so keep a copy ready if you plan to buy one.
Store it safely: keep the encrypted original, and avoid saving an unlocked copy in shared folders or chat apps.

Pro tip

Whenever you hand over a printout, write the purpose across it, for example “For KYC at XYZ Bank only, 2083-06-15”. A marked copy is much harder to misuse anywhere else.

eNID vs Nagarik App vs Physical Card: Which One Do You Need?

Nepal’s National ID now shows up in several places. Here is how they differ:

	eNID (Citizen Portal)	Nagarik App	Physical NID card
What you get	PDF with photo, NIN and QR code	Your NID details inside the government app	Chip-based smart card
What you need	Citizenship details + OTP on registered mobile	Verified Nagarik App account + your NIN	Card printed and collected from your office
Best for	Uploading or printing proof of your NIN	Showing your ID on your phone	Permanent, legally issued ID
Works before card arrives?	Yes	Yes, once NIN is generated	No

If all you need is the number itself, you do not need the eNID at all. Use the NIN retrieval options in the FAQs below.

Quick Fixes When the eNID Download Fails

Problem	Likely cause	What to do
“Record / data not found”	A typo, Preeti instead of Unicode, AD date, or record not processed yet	Re-enter every field from the certificate. If it still fails, check your NID status first.
OTP not received	Old, wrong or family member’s number stored during enrollment	Wait a couple of minutes and retry once. If the number is wrong, update it at a National ID office or DAO.
Living abroad	OTP goes only to the Nepali number in your record	If a trusted family member holds that SIM, they can pass you the OTP. DONIDCR does not email the PDF.
PDF will not open	Password case or year format	CAPITAL letters + BS birth year, no spaces.
Wrong details on the eNID	Error carried over from enrollment	Do not use it for KYC. Request a correction at your enrollment office first.

For more error cases, the story behind the OTP requirement and extra privacy tips, see our detailed eNID download and troubleshooting guide.

Stay Safe: eNID Scams to Avoid

The eNID contains exactly what fraudsters want: your photo, NIN and personal details in one file. The June 2026 pause happened precisely because downloads were possible with basic personal details. Protect yourself:

Never share your OTP with anyone who calls or messages you, even if they claim to be from a government office or bank.
Use only the .gov.np portal. Ignore links in Facebook posts, Viber groups or ads that promise a faster download.
Do not pay agents. The official portal has no payment step, and handing an agent your citizenship details is a real risk.
Never post your eNID or NIN publicly, including in comment sections asking for help.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is downloading eNID in Nepal free?

Yes. The official DONIDCR Citizen Portal has no payment step. You only need your citizenship details and access to your NID-registered mobile for the OTP.

What details do I need to download my eNID?

Your full name in Nepali (Unicode) and English, date of birth in BS, citizenship issue date in BS, the CAPTCHA, and the OTP sent to the mobile number registered with your National ID.

What is the eNID PDF password?

The first four letters of your name in uppercase followed by your birth year in Bikram Sambat. For example, Ramesh born in 2042 BS uses RAME2042.

Why am I not getting the eNID OTP?

The OTP only goes to the number stored in your National ID record. If that number is old, wrong or belongs to a relative, you need to update it at a National ID office or District Administration Office.

Is the eNID valid instead of the physical National ID card?

DONIDCR describes the eNID as a Provisional NID. It is widely useful as proof of your NIN, but each office decides whether to accept it for a specific service, so confirm before relying on it alone.

Can I download my eNID from abroad?

Yes, if you can receive the OTP sent to your registered Nepali number. A trusted family member holding that SIM can pass the code to you. DONIDCR does not send the PDF by email.

Do I need the eNID for the Ashwin 2083 bank and wallet update?

Banks and wallets need your National ID details, mainly your NIN, by the end of Ashwin 2083. The eNID is the quickest official way to get and prove that number if your card has not arrived.

How can I find my NIN if I do not know it?

Check your status on the DONIDCR Citizen Portal with your enrollment request number, or send an SMS in the format N, a space, then your application number, to 30001.

Final Thoughts

If your details match your citizenship certificate and you still have your registered SIM, you can download your eNID in Nepal in a few minutes. Do it now, add your NIN to your bank and wallet before the end of Ashwin 2083, and keep the PDF encrypted. If the portal cannot find your record, start with a quick NID status check rather than retrying the download again and again.

Sources

Last updated: 29 September 2026 (13 Ashwin 2083). Government procedures and deadlines change through official notices; always confirm on DONIDCR and with your bank or wallet provider.

Written by Wilson Shrestha, a Kathmandu-based web developer who writes practical guides to Nepal’s online government services. This is an independent guide, not an official government publication.

How Is the Speed of a Computer Measured? Units, Examples & 2026 Benchmarks

By Wilson Shrestha · Web developer, Kathmandu · Updated 30 September 2026

Ask ten people how fast their computer is and most will quote one number: the gigahertz printed on the laptop sticker. That number matters, but it is only one of several ways the speed of a computer is measured. A processor has a clock speed, it executes a certain number of instructions every second, it does floating-point maths at a measurable rate, and every single operation takes a tiny but measurable slice of time. Memory, storage and your internet connection each have units of their own.

This guide explains every unit in plain language, corrects a few myths that even popular answer sites still repeat, and shows you how to measure your own PC in two minutes. If you are a student preparing for an exam, the short answer box and the revision table near the end have you covered.

Short answer

The speed of a computer is mainly measured by its processor’s clock speed in hertz, today usually in gigahertz (GHz), meaning billions of cycles per second. Processing power is also measured in MIPS (millions of instructions per second) and FLOPS (floating-point operations per second), and the time a computer takes for one operation is expressed in milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds and picoseconds. For real-world speed, the most reliable measure is a benchmark test.

Exam-ready answer (SEE, Class 11/12, Lok Sewa)

Q. How is the speed of a computer measured?

The speed of a computer is measured in terms of (1) clock frequency in hertz: kHz, MHz and GHz; (2) the number of instructions executed per second: MIPS and BIPS; (3) floating-point operations per second: FLOPS; and (4) the time taken to perform one operation: millisecond (ms), microsecond (µs), nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps). Modern computers perform operations in nanoseconds and picoseconds.

Preparing for a government computer exam? Read our Typeshala for Lok Sewa typing test prep guide too.

In this guide

The main ways computer speed is measured
Clock speed: hertz, MHz and GHz
Why GHz alone doesn’t tell the real speed
MIPS and BIPS
FLOPS and the world’s fastest supercomputers
Time units: milliseconds to picoseconds
RAM, storage, GPU and internet speed
Benchmarks
How to check your computer’s speed
Common myths
Quick revision table
FAQs

The Main Ways Computer Speed Is Measured

“Speed” is not one thing inside a computer. Each part does a different job, so each part is measured with a different unit. Here is the whole picture on one screen.

Clock speed

Hz, MHz, GHz

How many cycles the processor completes per second.

Instructions

MIPS, BIPS

How many instructions are executed per second.

Maths power

FLOPS

Decimal (floating-point) calculations per second.

Time per operation

ms, µs, ns, ps

How long one step, access or response takes.

Data transfer

MB/s, MT/s, Mbps

How fast storage, memory and networks move data.

Benchmarks

Scores

Real tasks timed and scored so machines can be compared.

What is measured	Unit	Typical value in 2026
Processor (CPU) clock	GHz	3 to 6 GHz; desktop flagships boost to 5.5–5.7 GHz
One CPU cycle	ns / ps	About 0.2 ns (200 ps) at 5 GHz
Supercomputer	FLOPS (exaFLOPS)	Top system: 2.198 exaFLOPS (June 2026)
RAM	MT/s	DDR5 commonly 4,800–6,400 MT/s
SSD / hard disk	MB/s, IOPS, RPM	About 550 MB/s (SATA SSD) up to about 14,900 MB/s (PCIe 5.0 SSD)
Internet	Mbps, ping in ms	Depends on your plan and ISP

1. Clock Speed: Hertz, MHz and GHz

Inside every processor is a clock: a tiny quartz crystal oscillator that sends out a steady stream of electrical pulses. Each pulse is one cycle, and the processor does its work in step with these pulses, a bit like soldiers marching to a drumbeat. The number of cycles per second is the clock speed (also called clock rate or clock frequency), and it is measured in hertz (Hz).

Unit	Cycles per second	Where you saw it
1 Hz (hertz)	1	A clock’s second hand
1 kHz (kilohertz)	1,000	The first microprocessor (1971) ran at 740 kHz
1 MHz (megahertz)	1,000,000	PCs of the 1980s and 1990s
1 GHz (gigahertz)	1,000,000,000	Every laptop, desktop and phone today

So a 3.5 GHz processor ticks 3.5 billion times every second. A higher clock speed means more cycles per second, and within the same family of processors, that usually means more work done.

Base clock vs boost clock

Modern processors do not run at one fixed speed. The base clock is the speed the chip can hold under full load within its normal power limit. The boost clock (Intel calls it Turbo Boost, AMD calls it Precision Boost) is the higher speed it reaches for short bursts or on a few cores when there is enough cooling and power. When you open Task Manager and see your CPU running below its base speed, that is normal: it slows down to save power when idle.

Processor	Cores	Base clock	Boost clock
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D	16	4.3 GHz	5.7 GHz
Intel Core Ultra 7 270K Plus	24 (8P + 16E)	3.7 GHz	5.5 GHz
Intel Core i9-14900KS	24 (8P + 16E)	3.2 GHz	6.2 GHz (highest boost on a production chip)

The clock-speed wall: 55 years in one chart

This chart shows the top clock speed of landmark processors, drawn to scale against today’s 6.2 GHz record.

Peak processor clock speed, 1971–2026

1971 · Intel 40040.00074 GHz

1978 · Intel 80860.005 GHz

1993 · Intel Pentium0.06 GHz

2000 · First 1 GHz desktop chips1.0 GHz

2004 · Pentium 43.8 GHz

2011 · Core i7-2600K (turbo)3.8 GHz

2024 · Core i9-14900KS (boost)6.2 GHz

2026 · Ryzen 9 9950X3D (boost)5.7 GHz

Look at what happened. From 1971 to 2004, peak clock speed rose about 5,000 times. From 2004 to 2026, it rose less than 2 times. Pushing clocks higher makes chips use far more power and produce far more heat, so chipmakers hit a wall around 2004–2005. Instead of chasing gigahertz, they started adding more cores and making each cycle do more work. That is exactly why the GHz number alone can no longer tell you how fast a computer really is. (The overclocking record, set with liquid nitrogen cooling, is close to 8.8 GHz, but no normal PC runs anywhere near that.)

Why GHz Alone Doesn’t Tell You the Real Speed

A processor’s real speed depends on three things multiplied together:

THE REAL-SPEED FORMULA

Performance ≈ Clock speed × IPC × Cores used

IPC = instructions completed per clock cycle

Clock speed is how many cycles happen per second.
IPC (instructions per cycle) is how much useful work each cycle finishes. It depends on the chip’s design (its architecture), cache size and more. Newer designs usually have a higher IPC.
Cores are separate processing units inside one chip. A 16-core CPU can work on 16 tasks at once, but only if the software is written to split its work.

Think of a delivery company in Kathmandu. Clock speed is how fast each rider pedals. IPC is how many parcels each rider carries per trip. Cores are the number of riders. A slower rider with a bigger bag can beat a faster rider with a small one, and ten riders beat one only when there are enough parcels to share.

Correcting a common mistake

Several popular answer sites say a 1 GHz processor carries out 1 billion instructions per second. That is not correct. One cycle is not one instruction. Some instructions need several cycles, while a modern core can finish four or more simple instructions in a single cycle. That is why a 2026 laptop chip running at 3.8 GHz is many times faster than a 2004 Pentium 4 running at the same 3.8 GHz.

2. MIPS and BIPS: Instructions per Second

MIPS stands for Million Instructions Per Second. It counts how many machine instructions a processor executes every second. When numbers grew too large, people started using BIPS (billion instructions per second) and even TIPS (trillion instructions per second).

Simple formula

MIPS = Clock speed (in MHz) × IPC

Example: a core running at 4,000 MHz that completes 4 instructions per cycle reaches 4,000 × 4 = 16,000 MIPS (16 BIPS) per core, in the ideal case.

MIPS was the standard way to rate mainframes and early computers, and it still appears in textbooks and embedded systems datasheets. Its weakness is that an “instruction” is not the same size on every chip. An x86 processor (Intel, AMD) and an ARM processor (most phones, Apple Silicon Macs) use different instruction sets, so comparing their MIPS directly is misleading. That is why engineers moved to FLOPS and benchmarks for serious comparisons.

3. FLOPS: How Supercomputers Are Measured

FLOPS means Floating-point Operations Per Second. A floating-point number is a number with a decimal point, such as 3.14159 or 0.00072. Weather forecasting, scientific simulations, 3D graphics and artificial intelligence all run on this kind of maths, so FLOPS is the main speed unit for supercomputers and graphics cards (GPUs).

Unit	Operations per second	Typical example
MegaFLOPS (MFLOPS)	10⁶ (million)	1980s computers
GigaFLOPS (GFLOPS)	10⁹ (billion)	A single CPU core
TeraFLOPS (TFLOPS)	10¹² (trillion)	Gaming graphics cards, game consoles
PetaFLOPS (PFLOPS)	10¹⁵ (quadrillion)	Most systems on the TOP500 list
ExaFLOPS (EFLOPS)	10¹⁸ (quintillion)	The world’s fastest supercomputers

The world’s fastest computers in 2026

Supercomputers are ranked twice a year on the TOP500 list, using a benchmark called High Performance Linpack (HPL) that measures sustained FLOPS. On the June 2026 list, a new system took first place:

TOP500, June 2026: top 5 by HPL score (exaFLOPS)

1. LineShine (China)2.198

2. El Capitan (USA)1.809

3. Frontier (USA)1.353

4. Aurora (USA)1.012

5. JUPITER Booster (Germany)1.000

LineShine, at the National Supercomputing Centre in Shenzhen, is the first publicly ranked system above 2 exaFLOPS, and unusually it reaches that using CPUs alone, without GPU accelerators. Five systems now cross the 1 exaFLOPS (exascale) line. To feel the scale: if every one of the roughly 8 billion people on Earth did one calculation per second without stopping, it would take them about 8 to 9 years to match what LineShine does in one second.

One caution: not all FLOPS are equal. Supercomputer rankings use high-precision (64-bit) maths. AI chips are often advertised with much bigger numbers measured in low-precision (16-bit, 8-bit or smaller) maths. Always compare FLOPS at the same precision.

4. Time Units: Milliseconds to Picoseconds

School textbooks often answer this question with time units, and for good reason. Another way to measure speed is to ask how long one operation takes. The shorter the time, the faster the computer. Because computers are so fast, we need very small fractions of a second.

Unit	Symbol	Part of a second	Where it shows up
Millisecond	ms	10⁻³ (one thousandth)	Hard disk access (about 5–10 ms), internet ping
Microsecond	µs	10⁻⁶ (one millionth)	SSD access (tens of µs)
Nanosecond	ns	10⁻⁹ (one billionth)	RAM access (tens of ns), CPU cache
Picosecond	ps	10⁻¹² (one trillionth)	One CPU clock cycle, transistor switching

Worked example: how long is one clock cycle?

Cycle time = 1 ÷ clock speed

At 5 GHz: 1 ÷ 5,000,000,000 = 0.0000000002 seconds = 0.2 ns = 200 ps. At 1 GHz, one cycle is exactly 1 ns. This is how clock speed (GHz) and time units (ns, ps) connect.

If one CPU cycle took one second…

Numbers this small are hard to picture, so here is a scaled-up version. Imagine slowing a 5 GHz processor down so that one clock cycle lasts a full second. The other waits would stretch like this (rough, typical figures):

One CPU cycle

1 second

Reading from RAM

About 7 minutes

Reading from an NVMe SSD

About 3 days

Reading from a hard disk

About 15 months

A 20 ms internet ping

About 3 years

This is why a fast processor on its own does not make a fast computer. If the processor keeps waiting for a slow hard disk, most of its billions of cycles are wasted. Replacing an old hard disk with an SSD is often the single biggest speed upgrade for an older PC.

5. Speed of Other Parts: RAM, Storage, GPU and Internet

RAM speed: MT/s (and why MHz is often misused)

Memory speed is correctly measured in MT/s (megatransfers per second). DDR memory moves data twice per clock cycle, so “DDR5-5600” means 5,600 MT/s, running on a 2,800 MHz clock. Many shops and even some software still label it “5600 MHz”, which is technically wrong but common. Each 64-bit memory channel at 5,600 MT/s can move up to 5,600 × 8 bytes = about 44.8 GB per second. Memory also has latency, which is best compared in nanoseconds rather than the CL number alone.

Storage speed: MB/s, IOPS and RPM

Storage is measured three ways: MB/s for large file transfers (sequential speed), IOPS (input/output operations per second) for many small files, and for hard disks, RPM (revolutions per minute), which is how fast the disk platters spin, usually 5,400 or 7,200 RPM. Here is how typical drives compare in sequential read speed:

Typical sequential read speed (MB/s)

Hard disk, 7,200 RPMabout 200

SATA SSDabout 550

PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSDabout 7,400

PCIe 5.0 NVMe SSD (2026 flagships)about 14,900

Note that RPM measures the spinning disk, not the processor. Some websites claim computer or CPU speed is measured in RPM. It is not.

Graphics card (GPU) speed

GPUs have thousands of small cores, so their raw power is quoted in TFLOPS. Their clock speed is listed in MHz, and for gamers, the most useful measure is frames per second (fps) in actual games. Your monitor’s refresh rate (60 Hz, 144 Hz and so on) is how many times the screen redraws each second; it limits how many frames you see, but it is not a measure of the computer’s processing speed.

Internet speed: Mbps vs MB/s

Internet plans are sold in Mbps (megabits per second), while download windows usually show MB/s (megabytes per second). One byte is 8 bits, so divide by 8. A 100 Mbps plan downloads at up to about 12.5 MB/s, which means a 1 GB file takes roughly 80 seconds in ideal conditions. Responsiveness is measured separately as latency or ping, in milliseconds; lower is better for video calls and online games. If you are choosing a plan, compare speeds and prices in our WorldLink internet package price list.

Bit width: 32-bit vs 64-bit

Older textbooks also describe processors by word size, the number of bits the CPU handles in one go. A 64-bit processor works with bigger chunks of data per instruction and can use far more than 4 GB of RAM. Almost every PC and phone sold today is 64-bit, so this no longer separates fast machines from slow ones, but it is still a common exam question.

6. Benchmarks: The Most Honest Way to Measure Speed

Because clock speed, IPC, cores, memory and storage all interact, the most reliable way to measure real computer speed is to run the same task on different machines and time it. That is what a benchmark does. It runs a standard workload and gives a score you can compare.

Benchmark tool	What it measures	Result shown as
Geekbench	CPU single-core and multi-core, GPU compute	Score
Cinebench	3D rendering speed	Points
PassMark PerformanceTest	Whole PC: CPU, RAM, disk, graphics	Score
CrystalDiskMark	SSD and hard disk speed	MB/s and IOPS
3DMark	Gaming graphics performance	Score
Speedtest (Ookla)	Internet connection	Mbps and ping (ms)

Two tips: compare scores only from the same version of the same benchmark, and look at the right score for your work. Single-core scores matter most for everyday apps, web browsing and many games. Multi-core scores matter for video rendering, 3D work and compiling large software projects.

How to Check Your Computer’s Speed

On Windows 10 and 11

Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager.
Open the Performance tab and click CPU. You will see the processor name, base speed, the live speed it is running at right now, the number of cores and logical processors, and cache sizes.
Click Memory to see your RAM size and its speed in MT/s.
Click your Disk to see live read and write speed and the average response time in milliseconds.
For a quick built-in test, open Command Prompt as administrator and run winsat formal. When it finishes, run Get-CimInstance Win32_WinSAT in PowerShell to see scores for CPU, memory, graphics and disk.

On a Mac, phone or tablet

Mac: Apple menu → About This Mac shows the chip. Apple Silicon Macs do not list GHz there, so install Geekbench or Cinebench to measure them.
Android: Settings → About phone shows the processor. A free app such as CPU-Z shows live clock speed per core.
Any device: Geekbench runs on Windows, Mac, Android and iPhone, so it is the easiest way to compare devices of different types.

Which Speed Number Should You Care About?

If you are buying or upgrading a computer, focus on the number that matches what you actually do.

You mainly…	Speed numbers that matter most
Study, browse, use MS Office	Any SSD (never a hard disk as the main drive), enough RAM, decent single-core score
Write code or build websites	Multi-core score for builds, NVMe SSD speed, RAM capacity for editors, browsers and dev servers
Play games	GPU performance (fps), single-core CPU score, monitor refresh rate
Edit video or do 3D work	Multi-core score, GPU, fast NVMe storage
Work online, video calls, streaming	Internet Mbps and low ping (ms)

For web development work like mine (Next.js and Node.js projects), build and install times lean heavily on multi-core performance and SSD speed, while RAM decides how many tools can stay open at once. A slightly higher GHz figure on its own rarely changes the day-to-day experience.

Common Myths About Computer Speed

✗ Myth: 1 GHz = 1 billion instructions per second

✓ Fact: Instructions per cycle vary by chip design; modern cores often do several per cycle.

✗ Myth: Higher GHz always means faster

✓ Fact: GHz only compares fairly within the same processor family and generation.

✗ Myth: More cores always means faster

✓ Fact: Extra cores help only when the software splits its work across them.

✗ Myth: CPU speed is measured in RPM

✓ Fact: RPM is only for spinning hard disks and fans. CPUs use hertz.

✗ Myth: Mbps and MB/s are the same

✓ Fact: 1 byte = 8 bits, so 100 Mbps is about 12.5 MB/s.

✗ Myth: All FLOPS figures can be compared

✓ Fact: AI chip FLOPS usually use low precision; supercomputer rankings use 64-bit maths.

Quick Revision Table for Students

Term	Full form	Measures
Hz, MHz, GHz	Hertz, Megahertz, Gigahertz	Clock cycles per second (10⁰, 10⁶, 10⁹)
MIPS	Million Instructions Per Second	Instructions executed per second
BIPS	Billion Instructions Per Second	Instructions executed per second
FLOPS	Floating-point Operations Per Second	Decimal calculations per second
ms, µs, ns, ps	Milli-, micro-, nano-, picosecond	Time per operation (10⁻³ to 10⁻¹² s)
Mbps	Megabits per second	Network / internet speed
MB/s	Megabytes per second	File transfer and storage speed
MT/s	Megatransfers per second	RAM speed
RPM	Revolutions Per Minute	Hard disk spin speed

And the speed of the person at the keyboard? That is measured too, in words per minute. If yours needs work, try these tips to increase your typing speed.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the unit of speed of a computer?

The most common unit is the hertz, used for processor clock speed. Modern computers are measured in gigahertz (GHz), meaning billions of cycles per second. MIPS, FLOPS and time units such as nanoseconds are also used.

Is computer speed measured in MHz or GHz?

Both are the same unit at different scales: 1 GHz = 1,000 MHz. Older computers were rated in MHz. Today’s processors run in the 3 to 6 GHz range, so GHz is used.

In which time units is computer speed measured?

Millisecond (10⁻³ s), microsecond (10⁻⁶ s), nanosecond (10⁻⁹ s) and picosecond (10⁻¹² s). Modern processors complete one clock cycle in a fraction of a nanosecond, about 200 picoseconds at 5 GHz.

What is MIPS in computer speed?

MIPS stands for Million Instructions Per Second. It counts how many instructions a processor executes each second and can be estimated as clock speed in MHz multiplied by instructions per cycle.

How is the speed of a supercomputer measured?

In FLOPS (floating-point operations per second), using the HPL benchmark for the TOP500 list. In June 2026, the fastest system, LineShine in China, reached 2.198 exaFLOPS, or more than 2 quintillion calculations per second.

Does a higher GHz always mean a faster computer?

No. Real performance depends on clock speed, instructions per cycle and the number of cores the software can use, plus RAM and storage speed. GHz is only a fair comparison between processors of the same family and generation.

What is the difference between Mbps and MB/s?

Mbps is megabits per second and MB/s is megabytes per second. One byte equals 8 bits, so divide Mbps by 8 to get MB/s. A 100 Mbps connection downloads at about 12.5 MB/s.

How can I check my computer’s speed?

On Windows, press Ctrl + Shift + Esc, open Task Manager’s Performance tab and check CPU, Memory and Disk. For a comparable score, run a free benchmark such as Geekbench or Cinebench.

Conclusion

The speed of a computer is measured in several ways because a computer is several machines working together. The processor’s clock speed in GHz tells you how many cycles it completes per second. MIPS and FLOPS tell you how much work those cycles achieve. Time units from milliseconds to picoseconds tell you how long each step takes, and MT/s, MB/s and Mbps cover memory, storage and the internet.

For an exam, remember the four families: hertz, MIPS, FLOPS and time units. For buying a computer, remember that no single number wins. Check benchmark scores for the kind of work you do, make sure the machine has an SSD, and treat the GHz figure as a starting point, not the final answer.

Sources

Mero Share Problems and Their Fixes: 15 Common Errors Solved (2026 Guide)

By Wilson Shrestha · Updated 30 September 2026 (Ashwin 2083) · Covers the Mero Share web portal and mobile app

Mero Share is the CDSC portal every Nepali investor uses to apply for IPOs, approve EDIS after selling, and check holdings. When it fails, it usually fails at the worst moment: the last day of an IPO, or the afternoon after you sell. The good news is that almost every Mero Share problem traces back to one of four places: the portal itself, your DP, your bank, or your broker. Once you know which one owns the problem, the fix is usually quick.

This guide covers the 15 errors Nepali investors hit most often, what each one means, the exact fix, and who to call when you cannot fix it yourself. It also covers two things most Mero Share guides skip: how much the closeout penalty is really costing investors, and how to keep your account safe from people asking for your login. If you do not have an account yet, start with our guide on how to open a DEMAT account in Nepal.

Quick answer

Cannot log in? Re-select the correct DP (bank names change after mergers), type your username and password by hand, and check whether your account has expired.
Account expired? Renew Mero Share (Rs 50) and DEMAT (Rs 100) through eSewa, Khalti, ConnectIPS or your DP, then allow time for reactivation.
IPO rejected or stuck on Unverified? Check your CRN, bank balance and name match with your bank.
Sold shares? Calculate WACC and approve EDIS the same day. Missing the T+2 deadline triggers a 20% closeout penalty.

In this guide

Who fixes what: Mero Share, DP, bank or broker
Quick-fix table for all 15 errors
Login and account problems
IPO application problems
Selling problems: WACC, EDIS and closeout
Portfolio and app problems
Account security problems
How to contact CDSC or your DP
Prevention checklists
FAQs

First, Find Out Who Can Fix Your Problem

Mero Share is only the dashboard. Behind it sit four separate parties, and each one controls different data. Many investors lose days calling CDSC about a problem only their bank can solve. Use this map before you call anyone.

Mero Share / CDSC

Portal outages, password reset emails, transaction PIN, EDIS screen, IPO result portal.

Your DP

DEMAT account, BOID, KYC, registered email and mobile, renewal status, frozen or pending accounts.

Your ASBA bank

CRN, blocked amount, balance checks, name mismatch, IPO verification and rejection.

Your broker (TMS)

Buy and sell orders, contract notes, sale payment, closeout billing.

Figure 1: The four parties behind every Mero Share screen. Route your complaint to the one that owns the data.

Mero Share Problems at a Glance: Quick-Fix Table

Find your error message in the table, try the quick fix, and jump to the detailed section if it does not work.

#	Problem or message	Likely cause	Quick fix	Who fixes it
1	Invalid login / user not found	Wrong DP selected, typo, saved old password	Re-select DP, type credentials manually	You
2	Forgot password / reset email missing	Spam folder, wrong email on file	Check spam, wait, update email at DP	You / DP
3	Account locked	Repeated wrong passwords	Stop retrying, wait, reset password	You
4	Your account has been expired	Annual fee unpaid	Pay Rs 50 + Rs 100 renewal	You
5	DEMAT pending or frozen	Unpaid DEMAT fee, incomplete KYC	Pay fee, confirm KYC with DP	DP
6	CRN not registered / CRN mismatch	No C-ASBA registration or wrong CRN	Get or verify CRN from bank	Bank
7	IPO stuck on Unverified	Bank has not processed the block yet	Wait a working day, then call bank	Bank
8	IPO application rejected	Low balance, wrong details, duplicate, expired account	Fix cause, re-apply before close	You / bank
9	Invalid or forgotten transaction PIN	Wrong 4-digit PIN	Profile → Change Transaction PIN	You
10	Money still blocked after “Not Allotted”	Bank release pending	Wait a few working days, then ask ASBA desk	Bank
11	Result page or portal not loading	Heavy traffic on result day	Use iporesult.cdsc.com.np, retry off-peak	CDSC
12	EDIS not showing after a sale	Pending WACC, book closure, not yet settled	Calculate WACC, check again later that day	You / broker
13	Closeout penalty charged	EDIS not done by T+2	Pay broker bill; approve EDIS same day next time	Broker
14	Allotted or bonus shares not in portfolio	Not yet credited or listed	Check My Shares and transaction history	DP / CDSC
15	App not working or shows different data	Cache, old version, beta app bugs	Clear cache, update, use the website	You / CDSC

The login page at meroshare.cdsc.com.np asks for three things: your DP from a dropdown, your username (usually your BOID-based login ID), and your password. A mismatch in any one gives an error.

1. “Invalid Login” or “User Not Found”

This is the most common Mero Share problem, and it is rarely serious. The system simply cannot match the DP, username and password you entered.

Fix it:

Check the DP. Nepali banks have merged repeatedly, and your DP may now appear under a new name or code. Match the name on your DEMAT opening documents or your DP’s SMS, not the one you remember.
Type, do not paste. Copying from notes or SMS often adds a hidden space at the end, which the system treats as part of the password.
Clear the saved password. If you reset your password recently, your browser may still autofill the old one.
Check which DEMAT you are opening. If you have DEMAT accounts at two DPs, each has its own Mero Share login. Logging into the wrong one shows empty or different holdings.

2. Forgot Password, or the Reset Email Never Arrives

You no longer need to visit your DP to reset a forgotten password. On the login page, click Forgot your password?, then enter your DP, username, registered email and date of birth. Mero Share sends the reset details to the email your DP has on file.

If the email does not arrive:

Check your spam and promotions folders first.
Wait 15 to 30 minutes during IPO rush periods before trying again.
If you see “Maximum forgot password attempted,” stop. You can try again the next day.
If you no longer use the registered email, no online workaround exists. Visit your DP with your citizenship certificate to update the email, then reset.

3. Account Locked After Wrong Attempts

Several wrong passwords in a row lock the login temporarily. Each extra guess only prolongs the problem. Stop, wait for the lock to clear, and use the reset flow above instead of guessing. Note that the login password and the 4-digit transaction PIN are separate; a PIN problem does not lock your login, and vice versa.

4. “Your Account Has Been Expired”

Mero Share and DEMAT both carry annual fees. The Mero Share fee is Rs 50 and the DEMAT maintenance fee is Rs 100, so Rs 150 renews both. DPs ask investors to pay by the end of Ashad; an unpaid DEMAT account can be frozen by the system until the fee is paid.

Rs 50

Mero Share, per year

Rs 100

DEMAT, per year

Rs 150

Both, plus any wallet charge

Figure 2: Annual Mero Share and DEMAT renewal fees. Some DPs also sell multi-year or lifetime renewal packages.

Fix it:

Renew from inside Mero Share (it shows a renew option when the account is expired), or open eSewa, Khalti, ConnectIPS or your DP’s payment channel and choose the DEMAT / Mero Share renewal service.
Pay for both services if both are due. Paying only Mero Share leaves the DEMAT inactive, and vice versa.
Keep the payment receipt. Reactivation is not always instant and can take up to a day or two.
Log out and back in. If it still shows expired after two working days, send the receipt to your DP.

Timing trap: renewing on the last day of an IPO often fails. Even after Mero Share shows your account as active, the bank’s ASBA check may still see it as inactive and reject the application. Renew at least a few days before any IPO you plan to apply for, ideally in Ashad every year.

5. DEMAT Pending, Inactive or Frozen

You can log in, but the account status shows pending or inactive, and you cannot apply or transfer shares. The usual causes are an unpaid DEMAT fee, incomplete KYC, or documents your DP has not finished processing.

Open My Details and read the account status.
Pay the DEMAT fee if it is due.
If the status does not change within a few working days, call your DP and ask directly whether KYC or any document is missing.

Mero Share IPO Application Problems

Every IPO application passes through the same pipeline. Knowing the stages tells you exactly where yours is stuck.

Applied

Submitted in My ASBA

→

Unverified

Bank still processing

→

Verified

Amount blocked

→

Allotted / Not Allotted

Lottery result

Any stage can end in Rejected if the bank cannot verify the application.

Figure 3: The status path of a Mero Share IPO application. Check it under My ASBA → Application Report.

6. “CRN Number Not Registered” or CRN Mismatch

The CRN (C-ASBA Registration Number) is what links your Mero Share application to your bank account so the bank can block the money. If you see “CRN Number not registered. Contact bank,” your bank account is not registered for C-ASBA yet, or the registration is tied to a different account.

Register for C-ASBA at your bank (many banks allow this in mobile banking) and get your CRN.
When applying, copy the CRN exactly from your bank’s confirmation. A single wrong character is one of the most common rejection reasons.
If you changed banks or accounts, update the bank details linked to your DEMAT through your DP. Otherwise your CRN and your DEMAT point to different accounts.

7. IPO Application Stuck on “Unverified”

Unverified means the bank has received your application but has not blocked the amount yet. Most applications move to Verified within hours, but it can take up to a working day during busy IPOs. While it is Unverified you can still edit the application. If it stays Unverified for more than one working day, or the IPO is closing today, call your bank’s ASBA or share department and ask them to process it.

8. IPO Application “Rejected”

Open the report and read the remark. The most frequent reasons are:

Insufficient balance. The bank checks your available balance at the moment it processes the block. Deposit the full amount plus a buffer, and remember that other open IPO applications may already be holding part of your balance.
Wrong or unregistered CRN (see problem 6).
Name or details mismatch between your DEMAT and bank account. Small spelling differences are enough. You can check your PAN details online to confirm the exact spelling on record.
Expired or frozen account (see problems 4 and 5).
Account closed or blocked at the bank. A remark such as “main code closed or blocked” means the bank account itself is the problem.
Duplicate application. Only one application per BOID per issue is allowed. Duplicates are cancelled and cannot be fixed.

If the IPO is still open, fix the cause and re-apply. Once the issue closes, a rejected application cannot be revived.

How many units should you apply for? In oversubscribed fixed-price IPOs, successful applicants usually receive the minimum lot of 10 units through a lottery, so applying for more rarely improves your result and simply blocks more cash. Book-building issues can set a different minimum, so always check the prospectus. SEBON has also announced plans to amend the Securities Issuance and Allotment Guidelines in FY 2083/84, so confirm the current rule before applying.

9. Invalid or Forgotten Transaction PIN

Since 2020, Mero Share asks for a 4-digit transaction PIN (it replaced the on-screen OTP) whenever you apply for an issue. If you forgot it:

Log in and click your profile name at the top right.
Open the Change Transaction PIN tab.
Enter your Mero Share login password, then the new PIN twice.
Save. If you are locked out after wrong PIN attempts, wait before trying again, or ask your DP for help.

10. Money Still Blocked After “Not Allotted”

Your bank releases the blocked amount after the allotment is finalised, not the moment the result appears. Give it a few working days. If the lien is still showing well after that, call the ASBA desk with the company name and your BOID. Your money never left your account; it was only held.

11. Result Page or Portal Not Loading on Result Day

When a popular IPO result is published, hundreds of thousands of investors check at once. CDSC runs a separate result site, iporesult.cdsc.com.np, built to handle this load. Use it instead of logging in to Mero Share, and retry after the first rush hour. Your result does not change based on when you check.

Selling Problems: WACC, EDIS and the Closeout Penalty

Selling is where Mero Share mistakes cost real money. After your sell order matches on NEPSE, the shares do not move until you approve EDIS (Electronic Delivery Instruction Slip) in Mero Share. The settlement deadline is T+2, two trading days after the sale.

T (sale day)

Order matches. Calculate WACC under My Purchase Source, then approve EDIS. Best day to finish it.

T+1

Still possible, but you are running out of room if anything goes wrong.

After T+2

Settlement fails. Closeout: 20% of the transaction amount as a penalty.

Figure 4: The EDIS timeline after a sale. Your broker’s own cut-off may be earlier than the official deadline.

12. EDIS Not Showing After You Sell

If My EDIS shows nothing to transfer, check these in order:

Pending WACC. Mero Share needs the purchase source and cost of the shares you sold. Go to My Purchase Source, find the pending entries, and calculate WACC. EDIS appears after that.
It is too early. The sale has to reach CDSC from your broker first. Check again later the same day.
Book closure. During a company’s book closure period, EDIS is not generated for that script. Watch for it to reopen and transfer immediately when it does.
Shares not free. Pledged, frozen or pending-listing shares cannot be transferred. Confirm the free balance in My Shares, and call your broker if the order was for shares you cannot deliver.

13. Closeout Penalty Charged

A closeout happens when a seller fails to deliver sold shares by the T+2 deadline. The seller pays 20% of the transaction amount. Of that penalty, 25% goes to the government as windfall gains tax and the rest compensates the buyer.

What a missed EDIS costs on a Rs 1,00,000 sale

Rs 15,000 to the buyer

Rs 5,000 tax

Rs 80,000 of the sale value

Figure 5: A 20% closeout penalty on a Rs 1,00,000 sale is Rs 20,000, before any broker charges.

This is not a rare problem. CDSC records reported by Republica show how much investors keep paying:

Closeout penalties paid by investors (Rs million)

FY 2019/20 · 20,386 cases

153.54

FY 2025/26 · 20,280 cases

99.47

FY 2019/20 to FY 2025/26 combined: 117,501 cases and Rs 584.33 million in penalties.

Figure 6: Closeout cases and penalties. Source: CDSC records reported by Republica, August 2026.

Case numbers barely moved in six years, which tells you the cause is habit, not complexity. The penalty is billed through your broker, and once a closeout is triggered there is no Mero Share fix. Prevention is the only fix:

Do WACC and EDIS before you close the broker app on the day you sell.
Before festivals like Dashain and Tihar, remember that the deadline counts trading days. Do not sell on the last trading day before a long break and plan to transfer later.
Check book closure dates before selling a script with an upcoming dividend or bonus.

Portfolio and App Problems

14. Allotted IPO or Bonus Shares Not Showing

Winning the lottery does not put shares in your portfolio the same day. Allotted IPO shares are credited to your DEMAT after the allotment is finalised, and the portfolio value only appears once the share is listed and trading. Bonus shares follow the company’s own schedule after book closure and approval.

Check My Shares and My Transaction History, not just My Portfolio. A share can be credited before it shows a market value.
Make sure you are logged into the right DEMAT if you have more than one.
If allotted shares are still missing about two weeks after the result, contact your DP with the company name, your BOID and the allotment screenshot.

15. Mero Share App Not Working or Showing Different Data

CDSC’s own Play Store listing still describes the Mero Share app as a beta that may contain bugs. If the app shows “unauthorized,” crashes, or shows figures that differ from the website:

Update the app from the Play Store or App Store.
Clear the app’s cache in your phone settings, then log in again.
Log in on the website. If the website works, your account is fine and the problem is in the app.
Report reproducible bugs to CDSC at support@cdsc.com.np with a screenshot and your phone model.

Account Security Problems Most Guides Ignore

Some of the most expensive Mero Share problems are not errors at all. They start with someone else getting access to your account.

“Advisors” asking for your login. Anyone who needs your Mero Share or TMS password to “manage” your portfolio has full access to it. Licensed portfolio managers work under formal agreements, not shared passwords.
Look-alike links. Only enter your details on meroshare.cdsc.com.np or the official app from CDSC. Be suspicious of links in SMS, Viber or Facebook messages promising IPO tips or renewal discounts.
Shared PIN. Your 4-digit transaction PIN is the last check before an application goes out. Never share it, even with family.
If you suspect misuse: change your password and transaction PIN immediately, review My Transaction History and your EDIS history, and inform your DP in writing.

How to Contact CDSC or Your DP

Contact your DP first for anything about your DEMAT, KYC, email, mobile number, BOID or renewal status. Contact your bank for CRN and blocked-amount issues. Escalate to CDSC only for system-wide problems or when your DP cannot resolve it.

CDSC contact	Details
Phone	01-5340150, 01-5360386
General email	info@cdsc.com.np
App bug reports	support@cdsc.com.np
Office	Share Markets Commercial Complex, Putalisadak, Kathmandu
Website	cdsc.com.np (check notices and office hours here)

What to have ready: your BOID, DP name, the exact error message or a screenshot, the company name and application date (for IPO issues), or the sell date and contract number (for EDIS issues).

Prevention Checklists: Avoid Most Mero Share Problems

Once a year (Ashad)

Renew Mero Share and DEMAT
Confirm registered email and mobile
Verify CRN in your bank app
Check names match on PAN, bank and DEMAT

Before every IPO

Account shows active
Full amount plus buffer in bank
Apply early, not on closing day
Check status is Verified the next day

Every sale day

Calculate WACC
Approve EDIS the same day
Check book closure dates
Mind festival holidays

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is my Mero Share not working today?

If it fails on both the app and the website for everyone, CDSC may be under heavy load or running scheduled maintenance, so check the notices on cdsc.com.np. If only your account fails, the usual causes are a wrong DP selection, an expired account or an old saved password.

How much does Mero Share renewal cost?

Rs 50 per year for Mero Share and Rs 100 per year for DEMAT, so Rs 150 for both. Wallets may add a small service charge.

What does “CRN Number not registered” mean?

Your bank account is not registered for C-ASBA, or the CRN belongs to a different account. Register for C-ASBA with your bank, get the CRN, and enter it exactly when applying.

Why is my IPO application still Unverified?

The bank has received it but has not blocked the amount yet. Most move to Verified within a working day. If it does not, or the issue closes today, call your bank’s ASBA desk.

How do I reset my Mero Share transaction PIN?

Log in, open your profile at the top right, go to Change Transaction PIN, enter your login password and set a new 4-digit PIN.

Why is EDIS not showing in Mero Share?

Usually because WACC is pending for the sold shares, the sale has not reached CDSC yet, or the company is in book closure. Calculate WACC in My Purchase Source and check again later the same day.

What is the closeout penalty in NEPSE?

If you do not transfer sold shares by T+2, you pay 20% of the transaction amount. A quarter of the penalty goes to the government as windfall gains tax and the rest goes to the buyer.

Can I reset my Mero Share password without email access?

Not online. The reset goes to your registered email, so visit your DP with your citizenship certificate to update the email first.

Conclusion

Most Mero Share problems and their fixes come down to paperwork, not technology. Keep your account renewed before Ashad ends, keep your CRN and bank details consistent, and never leave EDIS for tomorrow. When something does break, use the map at the top of this guide to go straight to the party that can fix it, whether that is CDSC, your DP, your bank or your broker. Bookmark this page for the next IPO rush.

New to the market? Read our step-by-step guide to investing in the Nepal share market online, and once your account runs smoothly, learn how to do a fundamental analysis of a NEPSE company before you buy.

Sources

CDS and Clearing Limited (CDSC): notices and contact details
Republica: closeout penalty figures, FY 2019/20 to 2025/26
Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON): IPO issuance and allotment rules
CDSC IPO result portal

This article is general information for Nepali investors, not financial advice. Fees, deadlines and rules can change; check the latest CDSC and SEBON notices before acting.

How to Fill Loksewa Online Application Form (2083 Step-by-Step Guide)

Updated: September 2026 (Asoj 2083) · Written by Wilson Shrestha, Kathmandu · Portal screens checked on psconline1.psc.gov.np; fees checked against 2082/83 PSC notices

How to fill Loksewa online application form on the PSC portal psconline1.psc.gov.np, step by step

Every year, candidates who studied for months lose their chance at a government job because of the form, not the exam. A wrong citizenship date, a missed double-fee deadline or an inclusive group left unticked, and the application is gone. This guide shows you exactly how to fill the Loksewa online application form on the Public Service Commission (PSC) portal in 2083: which website to use, what every registration field means, how the Master ID works, what to upload, the real fee for each level, and how to pay.

Quick answer: how to fill the Loksewa online form

Open psconline1.psc.gov.np (the “Online Application” link on psc.gov.np) and click Register.
Fill in your name, date of birth, email, mobile and citizenship details exactly as on your citizenship certificate, then log in and set a new password.
Complete your profile (personal, education, experience) and upload your photo, signature, citizenship (front and back) and certificates. You now have a Master ID.
Choose the advertisement number, tick every group you are eligible for (Open, Women, Janajati and so on), pick your exam centre and submit.
Pay the fee online or with the printed bank voucher before the deadline, then download your e-admit card once your application is approved.

Official portal

psconline1

.psc.gov.np (federal PSC)

Late window

+7 days

after the regular deadline, with double fee

PSC helpline

4771517

or 9745618495 (shown on the login page)

In this guide

Which website to use (old vs new PSC portal)
Documents and details to prepare first
Step 1: Register on the PSC portal
Step 2: Log in and change your password
Step 3: Complete your profile and get your Master ID
Step 4: Upload photo, signature and documents
Step 5: Apply for the advertisement
Step 6: Pay the application fee
Loksewa application fee by level (2082/83 notices)
Deadlines and the double-fee rule
After submitting: approval and e-admit card
Mistakes that get forms rejected
Login and portal problems
FAQs

Which Website Do You Use for the Loksewa Online Form?

This is the first place people go wrong. Many guides still published on Google tell you to open psconline.psc.gov.np. That was the old system. The federal PSC now runs its online application on psconline1.psc.gov.np, and the “Online Application” link on the official website psc.gov.np points there. Recent PSC advertisements also name psconline1.psc.gov.np as the place to apply.

You are applying to	Where to apply	Same login?
Federal PSC (Lok Sewa Aayog, Kamalpokhari): Kharidar, Nayab Subba, Section Officer, federal technical and health posts, pre-qualification exams for organized institutions	psconline1.psc.gov.np	One account and one Master ID for all federal ads
Province Public Service Commission (Koshi, Madhesh, Bagmati, Gandaki, Lumbini, Karnali, Sudurpashchim)	That province’s own portal (for example, Koshi uses psconline.p1.gov.np)	No. Register separately on each province portal

Avoid fake or copy sites. Always start from psc.gov.np and click through. Never enter your citizenship number or password on a page you reached from a Facebook post, SMS or ad. When we checked in September 2026, the old address (psconline.psc.gov.np) did not load at all, so any “portal” still showing that address in an old article is outdated.

Documents and Details to Prepare Before You Start

The portal has several tabs, and half-finished profiles are where mistakes creep in. Keep everything in one folder on your computer before you open the site.

What you need	Format	Notes
Citizenship certificate (number, issue district, issue date)	Front and back scanned as JPG	Recent PSC notices ask for both sides in JPG
Academic certificates (SEE/SLC, +2, Bachelor, Master as needed)	PDF	Include the equivalence letter if you studied abroad or at a non-Nepali board
Recent passport-size photo	JPG	Plain light background, full face, no cap or dark glasses
Signature	JPG	Sign with a dark pen on white paper, crop tightly
Inclusive group proof (if applying as Janajati, Madhesi, Dalit, person with disability or backward area)	PDF	See the document rules for each group below
Experience, training, council licence (only if the post asks)	PDF	Appointment letter plus a service certificate from the employer
Your own email and mobile number	—	Login details and password resets go here
National ID (NID) number	—	Optional on the registration form, but keep it handy

Tip: The form asks for dates in both Bikram Sambat and AD. The portal fills the AD date automatically from the BS date, but check it anyway against your certificates. If you only know one of the dates, use our BS to AD date converter, and use the Nepali age calculator to confirm you are within the age limit on the deadline date. No NID number yet? See how to download your eNID.

The Whole Process at a Glance

Profile → Master ID

Uploads

Apply to ad

Pay fee

Steps 1 to 4 are done once. For every future Loksewa vacancy, you only log in and repeat steps 5 and 6. That is why getting your profile right the first time matters so much.

Step 1: Register on the PSC Portal

Already have a PSC account or Master ID from an earlier exam? Do not register again. PSC notices say candidates who already have a Master ID must apply with that same Master ID. Skip to Step 2.

Go to psconline1.psc.gov.np. The page opens in Nepali. Use the language switch at the top (नेपा / EN) if you prefer English.
Click Register (दर्ता गर्नुहोस).
Fill in the registration form. Fields marked with a red star are required.
Click Submit. Your login details are sent to the email or mobile you entered.

Every registration field explained

This is what the registration screen asks for, as it appeared when we opened it in September 2026:

Field	Required?	What to enter
First Name / Middle Name / Last Name	First and last: yes. Middle: optional	Exactly as spelled on your citizenship. No nicknames, no short forms
Username	Yes	Something you will remember for years. Write it down
Date of Birth (B.S.)	Yes	From your citizenship certificate
Date of Birth (A.D.)	Yes (auto-filled)	Filled from the BS date. Check it
Gender	Yes	Male, Female or Other
Email	Yes	Your own active email, not a cyber café or friend’s
Mobile Number	Yes	A SIM you will keep
National ID	Optional	Your NID number, if you have one
Citizenship Number	Yes	Copy it character by character, including any slashes or dashes
Citizenship Issue District	Yes	The district printed on the certificate, not where you live now
Citizenship Issue Date (B.S. and A.D.)	Yes (AD auto-filled)	The issue date on the certificate

Why the citizenship fields matter: your name, date of birth and citizenship details become the identity on your admit card and, if you pass, on your appointment recommendation. PSC also lets you recover a lost username using your citizenship details, which only works if you entered them correctly here.

Open the email or SMS from PSC. It contains your username and a temporary password.
On the login page, enter your Username or Email and the temporary password, then click Submit.
The system asks you to set a new password. Use at least 8 characters that mix letters, numbers and a special character (for example Nepal@2083kathmandu style, but your own).
Log in again with the new password. If the portal asks for a password reminder question, choose one whose answer you will not forget.

Store the username, password and later your Master ID in one safe place, such as a notes app with a lock. You will need them again for the admit card, results and every future vacancy.

Step 3: Complete Your Profile and Get Your Master ID

After logging in, open your profile. It is split into tabs. Fill each one and click Next or Save before moving on. Use Back to fix an earlier tab.

Tab	What it asks	Watch out for
Personal	Name in English and Nepali, family names (father, mother, grandfather, spouse if married)	Nepali spelling should match your citizenship. Type it in Unicode (see tip below)
Additional / Extra	Marital status, employment status, mother tongue, disability, parents’ education and occupation, geographical area and similar background details	These feed PSC statistics and inclusive checks. Answer honestly
Contact	Province, district, local level, ward, tole, phone	Permanent address must match citizenship, especially for backward-area applicants
Education	“Add New Details” for each qualification, with a PDF upload and an equivalence upload if needed	Add every level from SEE/SLC up. The minimum qualification for the post must be there
Training	Course, institute, duration, certificate PDF	Only if the post requires training. Leave empty otherwise
Council / licence	Professional council registration	Health and some engineering posts only. Registration must be valid by the deadline
Experience	Government and non-government experience, each with PDF proof	Serving government staff must enter their current post. The login page has a separate “Government Job Experience” link for this

What is the Master ID?

Once your profile and uploads are complete, the system gives you a Master ID. It is your permanent candidate number with the federal PSC. It is printed on the bank voucher, used for fee payment and linked to your admit cards and results. You keep the same Master ID for every future Loksewa exam, so you never re-upload the same certificates. Just add new ones.

Typing your name in Nepali: the portal needs Unicode Nepali, not Preeti. If you only type in Preeti or Romanized Nepali, use our English to Nepali Unicode converter and paste the result. Preparing for a post with a typing test? Our Typeshala for Lok Sewa guide covers practice.

Step 4: Upload Photo, Signature and Documents

On the upload section, use Upload or Replace for each item. After uploading, click the small preview icon and open every file once. A blank, sideways or wrong file is a common reason for rejection at scrutiny.

Photo and signature: JPG. The upload box shows the allowed size limit, so follow what it says on screen. Most applicants keep the photo under about 200 KB and the signature under about 100 KB, which stays inside the limits commonly reported for the portal.
Citizenship: front and back, JPG.
Education, training, experience, council: PDF, uploaded against each entry you created in the profile.
Inclusive certificates: PDF. If you have more than one, combine them into a single PDF before uploading.

Proof needed for each inclusive group

From the conditions printed in a 2083 PSC advertisement. Always read the notice for the exact post you apply to.

Group	Document to upload
Women	No extra document. Citizenship is enough
Adivasi / Janajati	None if your ethnic group is on the official list. If your surname is shared by more than one group, a CDO-certified letter based on your local level’s recommendation
Dalit	Same rule: listed caste is enough, shared surnames need the CDO-certified letter
Madhesi	Certificate from the body designated in the Nepal Gazette, or a CDO-certified letter
Persons with disabilities	Disability identity card showing the classification
Backward area	Citizenship from that district plus a local-level recommendation of current permanent residence, issued within three months before the deadline

Step 5: Apply for the Advertisement

Your profile is a master record. You still have to apply to each vacancy separately.

Read the vacancy notice on psc.gov.np first. Note the advertisement number(s), the minimum qualification, the age limit and the deadline.
In the portal, open the vacancy or apply section and click View All to see the open advertisements.
Select the advertisement code for your post. Tick every group you are eligible for: Open (Khulla) plus, for example, Women or Janajati. Each extra group adds a small extra fee but gives you another merit list.
Click Process. The screen shows the minimum qualification and the examination centres for that advertisement.
Choose your exam centre carefully. PSC notices warn that the centre cannot be changed after you submit.
If the post has optional papers, select the subject.
Review the Application Preview page line by line.
Tick Terms and Conditions and click Submit.

You cannot edit after submitting. Commission notices state that once an application is submitted for an advertisement, nothing can be added, removed or corrected for that same advertisement. Check the preview, the groups you ticked and the exam centre before you press Submit.

Step 6: Pay the Application Fee

Your application is not processed until the fee is paid. Current PSC notices allow two ways:

Online (electronic payment)

Pay directly from the payment section of the PSC portal. The system shows the payment options available at the time, such as ConnectIPS. You get a success or failure page at the end.

Bank voucher (cash)

Print the voucher from the portal. It carries your Master ID and a transaction reference number. Pay cash at one of the designated banks listed on the voucher.

Open the payment tab and select the advertisement you are paying for.
Check the amount. It should equal the base fee plus the extra fee for each additional group.
Pay online, or print the voucher and pay at the bank.
Save the confirmation or the stamped voucher. Log in a day later and confirm the payment status shows as paid.

Online payment failed but money was deducted? Do not pay again straight away. Wait, recheck the payment status in the portal, and keep the bank or ConnectIPS transaction reference. Call the PSC helpline (4771517 or 9745618495) with that reference if the status does not update. If you are new to ConnectIPS, set it up days before the deadline, not on the last evening.

Loksewa Application Fee by Level (2082/83 Notices)

Some popular guides say the fee is NPR 300 or 400 for every post. That is not what recent PSC notices show. Fees depend on the level and change between notices. Here are the amounts printed in actual federal PSC advertisements:

Post / level	Base fee	Each extra group	Notice year
Kharidar or equivalent (Non-Gazetted Second Class)	Rs 300	Rs 150	2082/83
Nayab Subba or equivalent (Non-Gazetted First Class)	Rs 700	Rs 200	2081/82
Section Officer (Gazetted Third Class)	Rs 1,200	Rs 400	2082/83
Gazetted Second Class / 9th level health	Rs 1,000	Rs 400	2082/83
Gazetted First Class / 11th level health	Rs 2,500	Rs 600	2083/84
Pre-qualification exam, Nayab Subba-level (organized institutions)	Rs 300	—	2083/84
Pre-qualification exam, Kharidar-level (organized institutions)	Rs 200	—	2083/84

Gazetted First Class fee was Rs 1,500 in a 2082 notice and Rs 2,500 in the 2083 notice, which shows why you should always read the fee line of your own advertisement. Some services (for example Foreign Affairs and Audit at Section Officer level) add a further service fee. Province commissions set their own fees.

Worked example: Section Officer, Open + Women

Base fee Rs 1,200 + one extra group Rs 400 = Rs 1,600 if paid by the regular deadline. Paid during the double-fee window, the prescribed fee doubles, so budget Rs 3,200. Applying on time literally saves you money.

Deadlines and the Double-Fee Rule

Every PSC notice has three dates. Here is how they worked in real 2083 advertisements:

Date	What it means	Example (pre-qualification ad, 2083)
Regular deadline	Last day at the normal fee, about three weeks after the notice	Notice 2083/04/06 → deadline 2083/04/26
Double-fee deadline	7 more days, at twice the fee	2083/05/02
Final payment date	Last day the fee must reach PSC	2083/05/03

The double-fee window does not extend eligibility. PSC notices state that age, educational qualification and experience are counted on the regular deadline. If your result comes out, or you turn the right age, during the double-fee week, you do not become eligible by paying double.

Result out but certificate not issued yet? A 2083 notice allows you to apply with a letter from your institution confirming you passed, plus mark sheets showing every year or semester, thesis and practical completed. You then submit the original certificate to PSC once it is issued.

After Submitting: Approval and E-Admit Card

Scrutiny. PSC checks your form and uploads against the advertisement. For some health service ads, candidates must also submit self-certified copies of documents to the Application Management Center in Anamnagar within 7 days of the deadline. Check your notice.
Admit card. Once approved and paid, log in and open the e-admit card section. Print it. It shows your roll number and exam details.
Exam centre and schedule. PSC publishes centre and date notices on psc.gov.np. Match your roll number.
Need a scribe? Contact the concerned PSC office at least 10 days before the written exam.
On exam day, carry the admit card and citizenship, and use black ink only. Recent notices say answer sheets filled with other ink will be cancelled.

Mistakes That Get Loksewa Forms Rejected

Mistake	How to avoid it
Creating a second account because you forgot the first	Use “Recover User Login ID using Citizenship details” on the login page instead
Name or date of birth different from citizenship	Type from the certificate, not from memory
Minimum qualification not uploaded, or completed after the regular deadline	Upload the certificate named in the ad. Qualification must be complete by the regular deadline
Applying under an inclusive group without the right proof	Check the group-wise document table above before ticking
Forgetting to tick an eligible group	You cannot add it later. Review groups on the preview page
Wrong exam centre	It cannot be changed after submission
Form submitted but fee not paid	Unpaid applications are not accepted. Confirm the status shows paid
Leaving it to the last evening	The portal and payment gateways slow down near deadlines. Finish a week early

Login and Portal Problems (and Fixes)

Problem	Fix
Forgot password	Click “Forgot Password?” on the login page. The login page also links a “Password Reset Manual”
Forgot username	Use “Recover User Login ID using Citizenship details”
Page is blank or buttons do nothing	The portal is a JavaScript app. Use an updated Chrome or Firefox, allow JavaScript, disable aggressive ad blockers, then reload
Old guide’s link does not open	It probably points to psconline.psc.gov.np. Use psconline1.psc.gov.np
Filling on a phone	Possible, but uploads and long tables are easier on a laptop or desktop
Anything else	Call 4771517 or 9745618495 (numbers shown on the portal’s login page)

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I fill the Loksewa online application form?

Register on psconline1.psc.gov.np with your name, date of birth, email, mobile and citizenship details. Log in, change your password, complete your profile and uploads to get a Master ID, then select the advertisement, tick your groups and exam centre, submit, and pay the fee online or through the printed bank voucher.

What is the official website for the Loksewa online form?

For federal PSC vacancies, it is psconline1.psc.gov.np, reached through the Online Application link on psc.gov.np. Province Public Service Commissions use their own separate portals.

What is a Master ID in Loksewa?

The Master ID is your permanent candidate number in the PSC online system. It is created after you complete your profile, appears on your bank voucher, and must be reused for every future application.

How much is the Loksewa application fee?

It depends on the level. Recent federal notices show Rs 300 for Kharidar, Rs 700 for Nayab Subba, Rs 1,200 for Section Officer and Rs 2,500 for Gazetted First Class, plus an extra fee for each additional inclusive group. Always check the fee line in your advertisement.

Can I apply after the deadline?

Yes, for 7 more days, by paying double the fee. But eligibility (age, qualification, experience) is still counted on the regular deadline, and no applications are accepted after the double-fee date.

Can I edit my Loksewa form after submission?

No. PSC notices state that after an application is submitted for an advertisement, nothing can be added, removed or corrected for it. You can still update your profile for future applications.

Can I apply in both Open and Women (or another inclusive) group?

Yes, if you are eligible. Tick each group in the same application and pay the extra group fee for each additional group.

Is the National ID number required?

On the registration form we checked in September 2026, the National ID field was optional, while citizenship number, issue district and issue date were required.

Can I fill the Loksewa form from my mobile?

Yes, the portal opens in a mobile browser. A laptop or desktop is easier for scanning, checking PDF uploads and reading the preview page before you submit.

Key Takeaways

Apply on psconline1.psc.gov.np. Older articles pointing to psconline.psc.gov.np are out of date.
Register once and keep one Master ID for life. Never create a second account.
Copy every identity detail from your citizenship certificate. Upload education as PDF and citizenship front and back as JPG.
Tick all eligible groups and choose the exam centre carefully. Nothing can be changed after submission.
Pay by the regular deadline. The double-fee week costs twice as much and does not extend eligibility.

Sources and further reading

Public Service Commission (Lok Sewa Aayog): official website (notices, syllabus, exam centres)
PSC online application portal (registration and login screens checked September 2026)
PSC advertisements for 2082/83 and 2083/84 (Kharidar, Nayab Subba, Section Officer, Gazetted First and Second Class, pre-qualification) for fees, deadlines and document rules
Nepali to English date converter (BS to AD)

This guide is general information. PSC can change its portal, fees and rules with each notice. The advertisement for your post on psc.gov.np is always the final authority.

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Nagarik App Nepal Guide 2026: Register, Login, Link Documents & All Services

Most people install Nagarik App, get stuck on the OTP or the “details do not match” screen, and give up. This Nagarik App Nepal guide takes you from download to actually using it: what you need before you start, how to register and log in, how to link your National ID, PAN and licence, which services work in 2026, how to open a bank account with the Nagarik App QR, and how to fix the errors that stop people.

The 20-second answer

Download Nagarik App from the Play Store or App Store (developer: Government of Nepal). Register with a Nepali SIM in your own name and your citizenship details typed exactly as on the certificate, then set a PIN. Link your National ID, PAN and licence, and you can use services like PAN registration, police reports, e-Chalan fines, CIT/EPF/SSF statements and bank account opening.

Stuck? The two causes behind most failed registrations are a SIM registered to someone else and a date or district that doesn’t match your citizenship record. Both are fixed in the problems section.

Nagarik App at a glance
What it is	Official Government of Nepal app for citizen services
Cost	Free to download, register and link documents; some services carry their own official fee
Platforms	Android, iPhone and web (web.nagarikapp.gov.np)
You need	Nepali SIM in your own name + citizenship (or other accepted ID) details
Languages	Nepali and English
Helpline	1101 (toll-free)

In this guide

What is Nagarik App?
What you need before you register
How to download Nagarik App
How to register, step by step
Login and “New Device Detected”
How to link your documents
All services in 2026 (status table)
Most-used services explained
Open a bank account with the Nagarik App QR
Common problems and fixes
Using Nagarik App from abroad
Safety and document acceptance
Help and support
FAQs

What is Nagarik App?

Nagarik App (“Citizen App”) is the Government of Nepal’s single app for services that used to mean separate offices and separate queues: citizenship and National ID details, PAN, driving licence, police reports, provident fund and social security records, exam results and more. It works round the clock, including public holidays.

It was built under the Digital Nepal Framework by the Prime Minister’s Office, the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MoCIT) and the National Information Technology Centre. The beta went public on 15 January 2021 and the full version launched on 2 May 2021, National ICT Day. New services arrive with most updates — which is why guides written even a year ago are already out of date.

What you need before you register

Almost every failed registration traces back to one of these. Tick them off first:

A Nepali mobile number registered in your own name. The app checks the SIM owner with the operator. A SIM in your father’s, mother’s or employer’s name will not work.
An accepted identity document — usually your citizenship certificate. Depending on the current verification flow, passport, voter ID or National ID details may also be accepted.
Details that match the government record exactly: citizenship number, issue date, issuing district and date of birth.
The latest app version and a stable internet connection.
A phone that can receive SMS on that number for the one-time password (OTP).

Not sure whose name your SIM is in?

Visit your operator’s service centre with your citizenship and transfer the SIM to your own name before you start. It saves you a round of failed attempts and a temporary OTP lock.

How to download Nagarik App

Android

Open the Google Play Store.
Search “Nagarik App”.
Check the developer is the Government of Nepal.
Tap Install.

iPhone

Open the App Store.
Search “Nagarik App”.
Confirm the publisher is the Government of Nepal.
Tap Get and confirm.

PC or laptop

There is no Windows or Mac app. Use the official web version at web.nagarikapp.gov.np in any browser — you still need your registered number for the OTP.

Warning: install only from the official stores. “Nagarik App” APK files on random websites can be fakes built to collect your citizenship details.

How to register on Nagarik App, step by step

Registration takes about five minutes if your details are ready.

Choose a language

Open the app and pick Nepali or English. You can change it later in settings.

Enter your mobile number

Use the number registered in your own name and tap Proceed.

Type the OTP

Enter the one-time password sent to you by SMS.

Choose your identity document

Usually citizenship.

Enter your details exactly

Citizenship number, date of birth, issue date and issuing district, as printed on the certificate. Use the date format the screen asks for (BS for Nepali documents).

Verify

Tap verify and correct anything the app flags.

Set your PIN

This PIN guards your account. Don’t use your birth year, and never share it.

To log in, open the app, enter your registered mobile number and the PIN you created.

If you switch phones, reinstall the app or clear its data, you will usually see “New Device Detected”. It is a security check, not an error. Complete the verification it asks for — normally an OTP to your registered number plus a confirmation of your identity details — and the account opens on the new device.

Lost your old number? You won’t pass this check until the same number is working again. Get a replacement SIM for that number in your own name from your operator, then log in.

How to link your documents

Linking your documents lets the app show them and reuse them for services, so you type less later.

National ID (NIN)

Select National ID and enter your National Identity Number. Bank account opening and passport-related steps rely on it. No NIN yet? Check your NID status online or download your eNID.

PAN

Link an existing PAN to see its details, or apply for a new personal PAN in the app. To confirm your number first, check your PAN number online.

Driving licence and passport

Link your smart licence and passport details. Waiting for a new card? Use our driving licence print status checker, or apply for a licence online.

Voter ID and education

Link voter details and view SEE and Class 12 results. Since July 2026 you can also link transcripts from participating Nepali universities.

All Nagarik App services in 2026

Status as reported up to September 2026. Services often reach Android before iPhone, so update the app and check inside it before you rely on one.

Service	Category	Status
Citizenship details	Identity	Live
National ID (NIN) details	Identity	Live
Passport and voter ID details	Identity	Live
PAN registration and PAN details	Tax	Live
Police report / police clearance	Police	Live
Consular verification of police clearance	Police	New · Jul 2026
e-Chalan traffic fines	Transport	Live
Driving licence details	Transport	Live
Driving licence print status	Transport	Live · Android first
CIT, EPF and SSF statements	Savings	Live
Pension Management Office services	Savings	New · Jul 2026
SEE and Class 12 results	Education	Live
University transcripts (participating universities)	Education	New · Jul 2026
Nepal Engineering Council certificate	Professional	Live
Blood Information Portal	Health	New · Jul 2026
Bank account opening and KYC via QR	Banking	Live · participating banks
Passport and driving licence applications	Identity / Transport	Announced Apr 2026

Live = available in the app. New = added in the July 2026 update. Announced = approved by the government, not yet confirmed as available to everyone.

Most-used services, explained

Police report / police clearance

This is the service job seekers and people going abroad use most. Apply through the app instead of queuing for the application stage, pay any fee shown and track progress in the app. A newer service lets foreign missions verify a police clearance certificate issued this way.

PAN registration

Personal PAN registration was one of the first services and is still one of the most useful. Your identity details come from your linked citizenship, so you mostly confirm rather than type.

e-Chalan traffic fines

Traffic fines can be checked and paid digitally, so you no longer hand over your licence and collect it later. For vehicle tax, see how to check vehicle tax and bluebook renewal online.

CIT, EPF, SSF and pension

Salaried workers can view contribution statements for the Citizen Investment Trust, Employees Provident Fund and Social Security Fund; pension services joined in July 2026. More on SSF in our Social Security Fund guide.

Results, transcripts and NOC for students

View SEE and Class 12 results and link university transcripts. The app has also been used for No Objection Certificate (NOC) steps for study abroad — check the current process in the app before you plan around it.

Open a bank account with the Nagarik App QR

Participating banks show a Nagarik App QR code on their website or at the branch. You scan it in the app, approve sharing your details, and the bank receives your verified identity information directly — no paper form.

Link your National ID

You need a linked NID and must be 18 or older.

Find the bank’s QR code

Open your bank’s online account-opening page and look for the Nagarik App option.

Scan it in Nagarik App

Use the app’s QR scanner, then review and approve the details the bank requests.

Finish on the bank’s page

Choose account type, branch and nominee.

Complete verification

Do the video KYC or a short branch visit if the bank asks, before the account is fully active.

Which banks?

In July 2026 Global IME Bank launched full online savings account opening through Nagarik App for NID holders aged 18+, with its QR at nagarik.gibl.com.np. Earlier, Nepal Bank, Siddhartha Bank and Standard Chartered offered QR-based KYC through the app. The list keeps changing, so check your own bank’s website.

Common Nagarik App problems and fixes

Problem	Likely cause	Fix
OTP not received	Weak signal, full inbox, SMS blocker, too many requests	Check signal and inbox, update the app, wait a few minutes, then request once more
“Details do not match”	Typo, BS/AD mix-up, wrong district	Copy the number exactly (slashes included), use the date format shown, pick the district that issued the certificate
SIM not accepted	SIM registered to someone else	Transfer the SIM to your name at the operator, or use a SIM already in your name
“New Device Detected”	New phone, reinstall or cleared data	Complete the OTP and identity check on the new device
Blank screens or crashes	Old version, dark mode, cache	Update, turn off dark mode, clear cache or reinstall
Service slow or not loading	Heavy traffic on result days and deadlines	Try again early morning or late evening
Wrong details in your record	Error on the certificate itself	The app can’t fix it — correct the record at the District Administration Office

Don’t hammer the OTP button

Requesting the OTP many times in a row can lock you out for a while. Fix the cause first, then try once. To find your own number quickly, see our list of NTC USSD codes.

Can you use Nagarik App from abroad?

Only partly. Registration and login depend on an active Nepali mobile number in your own name that can receive SMS. If you registered in Nepal and keep that SIM active, you may be able to keep using the app abroad as long as the OTPs reach you. If you never had a SIM in your own name, you can’t register from abroad. For services aimed at Nepalis overseas, see our guide to the NRN card.

Is Nagarik App safe, and will offices accept it?

Keep your account safe

Never share your PIN or OTP — not even with someone claiming to be from a bank or office.
Only approve QR data-sharing requests you started yourself.
Log out on shared phones and keep your screen lock on.

Carry originals when it matters

A document shown in the app is an official record, but not every counter accepts it yet. Reports in 2026 found some offices still asking for originals or photocopies. For elections and formal verification, bring the physical document.

Help and support

Toll-free helpline

1101

Since Chaitra 2082

In the app

My Complain

Log and track issues

helpdesk@nagarikapp.gov.np

Official site

nagarikapp.gov.np

Frequently asked questions

Is Nagarik App free?

Yes. Downloading, registering and linking documents are free. Some services accessed through it, such as certain applications or traffic fines, carry their own official fees.

What documents do I need to register?

A Nepali SIM in your own name and your citizenship certificate details: number, date of birth, issue date and issuing district. Other IDs may be accepted depending on the current verification flow.

Can I register if my SIM is in my parent’s name?

No. The number must be registered in your own name. Transfer it at your operator’s service centre first.

Why is my OTP not coming?

Usually weak signal, a full SMS inbox, an SMS blocker or too many requests in a row. Fix those, update the app, wait a few minutes and request once more.

Can I use Nagarik App on a computer?

Yes, through the web version at web.nagarikapp.gov.np. There is no separate Windows or Mac app.

How do I change my registered mobile number?

The option depends on the app version. If you can’t find it in settings, call 1101 or use My Complain for the current process.

Can I open a bank account with Nagarik App?

Yes, with participating banks. Scan the bank’s Nagarik App QR code, approve sharing your details and complete any video KYC or branch verification the bank asks for.

Can I apply for a passport through Nagarik App?

The government announced passport and licence applications through the app in April 2026. Check the latest app version to see whether it is available to you before you rely on it.

Is a document in Nagarik App valid at government offices?

It is an official government record, but acceptance at every counter is not yet universal. Carry the original when you’re unsure.

The short version

Register with a SIM in your own name and citizenship details that match exactly. Link your National ID, PAN and licence. Then use the services marked Live above, and treat “Announced” features as coming soon until you see them in your own app. Bookmark this page — the status table is updated as new services arrive.

Related Nepal government guides

Sources

Nagarik App — official website: nagarikapp.gov.np
Nagarik App — Google Play listing: play.google.com
Nagarik App official Facebook page — 1101 helpline notice: facebook.com/nagarikapp
Onlinekhabar English — National ID integrated with Nagarik App: english.onlinekhabar.com
ICTFrame — passport and licence applications announced, April 2026: ictframe.com
Techpana — licence print status check added: techpana.com
Spotlight Nepal — Global IME Bank account opening through Nagarik App: spotlightnepal.com

Last reviewed September 2026. Wilson.com.np is an independent guide, not affiliated with the Government of Nepal. Services and procedures change — confirm anything time-sensitive in the app or with the relevant office.

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